вторник, 31 мая 2011 г.
Scotland Climate
Scotland Climate is very moderate. It changes every now and then throughout the year. As Scotland is surrounded by plenty of mountains, the country experiences a cool breeze all the time. The eastern part of the country lies under the rain shadow area and Scotland's western highland faces the maximum rainfall.
Climate of Scotland
The Scotland climate is basically windy and chilly. The east coast of Scotland is much cooler than that of the west coast. Tourists mostly visit the castles and the museums in the spring and autumn season. Whether it is summer or winter, one must always carry warm clothes for visiting Scotland.
Rainfall in Scotland
Heavy rainfall is experienced by Scotland, measuring more than three thousand millimeters in a year. The Western Highland experiences the maximum amount of rainfall. Scotland experiences near about 0.2 millimeter of rainfall at an interval of two hundred and fifty days in a year. The rainfall in Scotland is often accompanied by snow.
Weather in Scotland
The weather of Scotland is temperate and cloudy. The coldest months in Scotland are January and February. The winter temperature ranges from five to seven degree Celsius and in summer it records about nineteen degree Celsius. The month of July and August are the warmest months in summer. The Scottish Highlands and the northern part of the latitude are the coldest places. These places have short days in winter and long evenings in summer.
Scotland Climate is very moderate. It changes every now and then throughout the year. As Scotland is surrounded by plenty of mountains, the country experiences a cool breeze all the time. The eastern part of the country lies under the rain shadow area and Scotland's western highland faces the maximum rainfall.
Climate of Scotland
The Scotland climate is basically windy and chilly. The east coast of Scotland is much cooler than that of the west coast. Tourists mostly visit the castles and the museums in the spring and autumn season. Whether it is summer or winter, one must always carry warm clothes for visiting Scotland.
Rainfall in Scotland
Heavy rainfall is experienced by Scotland, measuring more than three thousand millimeters in a year. The Western Highland experiences the maximum amount of rainfall. Scotland experiences near about 0.2 millimeter of rainfall at an interval of two hundred and fifty days in a year. The rainfall in Scotland is often accompanied by snow.
Weather in Scotland
The weather of Scotland is temperate and cloudy. The coldest months in Scotland are January and February. The winter temperature ranges from five to seven degree Celsius and in summer it records about nineteen degree Celsius. The month of July and August are the warmest months in summer. The Scottish Highlands and the northern part of the latitude are the coldest places. These places have short days in winter and long evenings in summer.
понедельник, 30 мая 2011 г.
Internet to our life
The internet is an area which developed along with the technology. Since the internet can make lots of our day to day stuff much easier, we use the internet for most of our day to day activities. These activities can be varying from domestic to commercial purposes with different capacities.
However, we can use the internet for both good and bad activities. When it comes to good side of the internet, we can see lots of corporate personals can stay in touch with their local and international clients thanks to the internet. Furthermore, they can provide services and sell products to the global market rather going for local market. This makes them a very good demand in the respective industry, and they can always products with competition.
Furthermore, the internet provides a great support to the researchers and the students who want to grab information. Since the internet helps people to share the knowledge, we can use the internet to grab this required knowledge for our own personal usage. In addition, it makes our life much easier as we can easily gather additional information about any subject; we want to expand our experience or knowledge. Therefore, we can see there are lots of knowledge bases are available in the internet and these knowledge bases have a large number of subscribers from all over the world.
When it comes to the unpleasant side of the internet, people use it for various illegal activities. As an example, people use the resources available in the internet to obtain third party information and personal details. Furthermore, it makes these people uncomfortable with their online payments, banking and other activities. Because of this situation, the online marketing and business personals use various security precautions to avoid this third party information thieves.
Moreover, people use the internet to distribute third party software, which can harm your personal computer and documentation. Because of these third party vulnerabilities, some people still do have a fear to connect their own personal computer to the internet due to computer viruses. However, currently we can see lots of powerful antivirus software, which can eliminate such violent activities. Therefore, now we don't have to be worried about these third party network security threats if we have a well powered antivirus program.
Finally, at a glance the internet is one essential invention made by the human, and we need to use it wisely to get the best benefit from it.
The internet is an area which developed along with the technology. Since the internet can make lots of our day to day stuff much easier, we use the internet for most of our day to day activities. These activities can be varying from domestic to commercial purposes with different capacities.
However, we can use the internet for both good and bad activities. When it comes to good side of the internet, we can see lots of corporate personals can stay in touch with their local and international clients thanks to the internet. Furthermore, they can provide services and sell products to the global market rather going for local market. This makes them a very good demand in the respective industry, and they can always products with competition.
Furthermore, the internet provides a great support to the researchers and the students who want to grab information. Since the internet helps people to share the knowledge, we can use the internet to grab this required knowledge for our own personal usage. In addition, it makes our life much easier as we can easily gather additional information about any subject; we want to expand our experience or knowledge. Therefore, we can see there are lots of knowledge bases are available in the internet and these knowledge bases have a large number of subscribers from all over the world.
When it comes to the unpleasant side of the internet, people use it for various illegal activities. As an example, people use the resources available in the internet to obtain third party information and personal details. Furthermore, it makes these people uncomfortable with their online payments, banking and other activities. Because of this situation, the online marketing and business personals use various security precautions to avoid this third party information thieves.
Moreover, people use the internet to distribute third party software, which can harm your personal computer and documentation. Because of these third party vulnerabilities, some people still do have a fear to connect their own personal computer to the internet due to computer viruses. However, currently we can see lots of powerful antivirus software, which can eliminate such violent activities. Therefore, now we don't have to be worried about these third party network security threats if we have a well powered antivirus program.
Finally, at a glance the internet is one essential invention made by the human, and we need to use it wisely to get the best benefit from it.
Vocabulary (Units 5, 6)
character ['kærəktə] – характер, темперамент; особистість, образ, герой
characteristic [ˌkærəktə'rɪstɪk] – характерна властивість
characterize ['kærəkt(ə)raɪz] – характеризувати
threaten ['θret(ə)n] – погрожувати (“General, do you threaten women?’ – p.181)
threatening ['θret(ə)nɪŋ] – загрозливий
sink [sɪŋk] – опускатися, спадати; стічна труба, раковина (“suddenly sinking on knees before him” – p.181)
sense [sen(t)s] – почуття, відчуття
sensitive ['sen(t)sɪtɪv] – чутливий, ніжний, вразливий
sensible ['sen(t)sɪbl] – розсудливий (“You are very clever and sensible woman.” – p.182)
cautious ['kɔːʃəs] – обережний (“This incautious echo of the lieutenant undoes her.” – p.182)
caution ['kɔːʃ(ə)n] – обережність
precaution [prɪ'kɔːʃ(ə)n] – передбачливість
slip [slɪp] – ковзати, висковзати (“…by letting you give me the slip with the despatches, eh?” – p.182)
slippery ['slɪp(ə)rɪ] – слизький
bitter ['bɪtə] – різкий, гіркий, жорстокий
stir [stɜː] – помішувати, розмішувати, ворушити
injure ['ɪnʤə] – ранити, нашкодити (“…solely to injure the woman who wrote it.”, “…to injure his career by a scandal…” – p.184)
injured ['ɪnʤəd] – ображений
revenge [rɪ'venʤ] – помста, мстити (“This is your revenge?” – p.185)
revengeful [rɪ'venʤf(ə)l], [-ful] – мстивий
threaten ['θret(ə)n] – погрожувати (“General, do you threaten women?’ – p.181)
threatening ['θret(ə)nɪŋ] – загрозливий
sink [sɪŋk] – опускатися, спадати; стічна труба, раковина (“suddenly sinking on knees before him” – p.181)
sense [sen(t)s] – почуття, відчуття
sensitive ['sen(t)sɪtɪv] – чутливий, ніжний, вразливий
sensible ['sen(t)sɪbl] – розсудливий (“You are very clever and sensible woman.” – p.182)
cautious ['kɔːʃəs] – обережний (“This incautious echo of the lieutenant undoes her.” – p.182)
caution ['kɔːʃ(ə)n] – обережність
precaution [prɪ'kɔːʃ(ə)n] – передбачливість
slip [slɪp] – ковзати, висковзати (“…by letting you give me the slip with the despatches, eh?” – p.182)
slippery ['slɪp(ə)rɪ] – слизький
bitter ['bɪtə] – різкий, гіркий, жорстокий
stir [stɜː] – помішувати, розмішувати, ворушити
injure ['ɪnʤə] – ранити, нашкодити (“…solely to injure the woman who wrote it.”, “…to injure his career by a scandal…” – p.184)
injured ['ɪnʤəd] – ображений
revenge [rɪ'venʤ] – помста, мстити (“This is your revenge?” – p.185)
revengeful [rɪ'venʤf(ə)l], [-ful] – мстивий
Зняти напругу − To relieve anxiety
Полегшити біль − To easy pain
Засумніватись у чомусь − To doubt
Вибрати новорічний подарунок − To select new Year’s gift
Втілення здоров’я − The picture of health
Відібрати кращих виконавців − To select the best singers
Різні по величині − Different in size
Мати широкий асортимент чогось − To have a good selection of goods
На розмір більший, ніж потрібно − A size bigger then it’s necessary
Зробити велике зусилля − To make a great effort
Сумніватися у щирості −To doubt the truth of smb.
Згущувати фарби − To paint smth. in dark colour
Змусити когось розгородитись − To draw out
Заспокоїти, втішити когось − To relieve smb.
Фальшива посмішка − An artificial smile
Типова людина − A colourless person
Неясна відповідь − A doubtful answer
Дати волю своїм почуттям − To relieve one’s feelings
Скрасити одноманітність − To relieve the monotony
Наближається до кінця − To draw to a close
Виглядати блідим − To be off colour
Говорити з трудом − To speak with an effort
Зітхання з полегшенням − Sigh of relief
Зробити висновок − To draw a conclusion
Уявляти собі − To picture
Сфотографувати когось − To take the picture of smb.
Сукня кремового кольору − A cream colored dress
Найбільший, якщо не по величині, то по значенню − The biggest in quality, if not in size
Прикласти всі зусилля − To make every effort
Черпати натхнення − To draw inspiration
Намалювати картину − To paint a picture
Малювати з натури − To paint from nature
Портрет в натуральну величину − A life-sized portrait
Яскраві, насичені фарби − Bright, rich colours
Тьмяні тони − Dull, faded colours
Учитель малювання − A teacher of drawing
Мистецтвознавець − An art critic
Художник-аматор − An amateur artist
Артистична зовнішність − An artistic person
Портретист − A portrait painter
Пейзажист − A landscape painter
Живописне місце − A picturesque place
Кольорова репродукція − A colour reproduction
Формат картини − The size of a picture
Художня виставка − An art exhibition
Художній смак − An artistic taste
Зображувати сцени із життя простих людей − To picture scenes of ordinary
Полегшити біль − To easy pain
Засумніватись у чомусь − To doubt
Вибрати новорічний подарунок − To select new Year’s gift
Втілення здоров’я − The picture of health
Відібрати кращих виконавців − To select the best singers
Різні по величині − Different in size
Мати широкий асортимент чогось − To have a good selection of goods
На розмір більший, ніж потрібно − A size bigger then it’s necessary
Зробити велике зусилля − To make a great effort
Сумніватися у щирості −To doubt the truth of smb.
Згущувати фарби − To paint smth. in dark colour
Змусити когось розгородитись − To draw out
Заспокоїти, втішити когось − To relieve smb.
Фальшива посмішка − An artificial smile
Типова людина − A colourless person
Неясна відповідь − A doubtful answer
Дати волю своїм почуттям − To relieve one’s feelings
Скрасити одноманітність − To relieve the monotony
Наближається до кінця − To draw to a close
Виглядати блідим − To be off colour
Говорити з трудом − To speak with an effort
Зітхання з полегшенням − Sigh of relief
Зробити висновок − To draw a conclusion
Уявляти собі − To picture
Сфотографувати когось − To take the picture of smb.
Сукня кремового кольору − A cream colored dress
Найбільший, якщо не по величині, то по значенню − The biggest in quality, if not in size
Прикласти всі зусилля − To make every effort
Черпати натхнення − To draw inspiration
Намалювати картину − To paint a picture
Малювати з натури − To paint from nature
Портрет в натуральну величину − A life-sized portrait
Яскраві, насичені фарби − Bright, rich colours
Тьмяні тони − Dull, faded colours
Учитель малювання − A teacher of drawing
Мистецтвознавець − An art critic
Художник-аматор − An amateur artist
Артистична зовнішність − An artistic person
Портретист − A portrait painter
Пейзажист − A landscape painter
Живописне місце − A picturesque place
Кольорова репродукція − A colour reproduction
Формат картини − The size of a picture
Художня виставка − An art exhibition
Художній смак − An artistic taste
Зображувати сцени із життя простих людей − To picture scenes of ordinary
Звикати - Get used to
Заводити друзів - Make new friends
Поставити себе в незручне становище - Make a fool of yourself
Поставити себе в незручне становище - Make a fool of yourself
Поповнювати лексичний запас - Build up the vocabulary -
Носій мови - Native speaker
Robert the Bruce (1274 - 1329)
Robert I, known as Robert the Bruce, was the king of the Scots who secured Scotland's independence from England. Robert was born on 11 July 1274 into an aristocratic Scottish family. Through his father he was distantly related to the Scottish royal family. His mother had Gaelic antecedents. Bruce's grandfather was one of the claimants to the Scottish throne during a succession dispute in 1290 - 1292. The English king, Edward I, was asked to arbitrate and chose John Balliol to be king. Both Bruce and his father refused to back Balliol and supported Edward I's invasion of Scotland in 1296 to force Balliol to abdicate. Edward then ruled Scotland as a province of England.
Bruce then supported William Wallace's uprising against the English. After Wallace was defeated, Bruce's lands were not confiscated and in 1298, Bruce became a guardian of Scotland, with John Comyn, Balliol's nephew and Bruce's greatest rival for the Scottish throne In 1306, Bruce quarrelled with Comyn and stabbed him in a church in Dumfries. He was outlawed by Edward and excommunicated by the pope. Bruce now proclaimed his right to the throne and on 27 March was crowned king at Scone. The following year, Bruce was deposed by Edward's army and forced to flee. His wife and daughters were imprisoned and three of his brothers executed. Robert spent the winter on the island off the coast of Antrim (Northern Ireland).
Returning to Scotland, Robert waged a highly successful guerrilla war against the English. At the Battle of Bannockburn in June 1314, he defeated a much larger English army under Edward II, confirming the re-establishment of an independent Scottish monarchy. Two years later, his brother Edward Bruce was inaugurated as high king of Ireland but was killed in battle in 1318. Even after Bannockburn and the Scottish capture of Berwick in 1318, Edward II refused to give up his claim to the overlordship of Scotland. In 1320, the Scottish earls, barons and the 'community of the realm' sent a letter to Pope John XXII declaring that Robert was their rightful monarch. This was the 'Declaration of Arbroath' and it asserted the antiquity of the Scottish people and their monarchy.
Four years later, Robert received papal recognition as king of an independent Scotland. The Franco-Scottish alliance was renewed in the Treaty of Corbeil, by which the Scots were obliged to make war on England should hostilities break out between England and France. In 1327, the English deposed Edward II in favour of his son and peace was made with Scotland. This included a total renunciation of all English claims to superiority over Scotland. Robert died on 7 June 1329. He was buried at Dunfermline. He requested that his heart be taken to the Holy Land, but it only got as far as Spain. It was returned to Scotland and buried in Melrose Abbey.
Phrases
Зняти напругу − To relieve anxiety
Полегшити біль − To easy pain
Засумніватись у чомусь − To doubt
Вибрати новорічний подарунок − To select new Year’s gift
Втілення здоров’я − The picture of health
Відібрати кращих виконавців − To select the best singers
Різні по величині − Different in size
Мати широкий асортимент чогось − To have a good selection of goods
На розмір більший, ніж потрібно − A size bigger then it’s necessary
Зробити велике зусилля − To make a great effort
Сумніватися у щирості −To doubt the truth of smb.
Згущувати фарби − To paint smth. in dark colour
Змусити когось розгородитись − To draw out
Заспокоїти, втішити когось − To relieve smb.
Фальшива посмішка − An artificial smile
Типова людина − A colourless person
Неясна відповідь − A doubtful answer
Дати волю своїм почуттям − To relieve one’s feelings
Скрасити одноманітність − To relieve the monotony
Наближається до кінця − To draw to a close
Виглядати блідим − To be off colour
Говорити з трудом − To speak with an effort
Зітхання з полегшенням − Sigh of relief
Зробити висновок − To draw a conclusion
Уявляти собі − To picture
Сфотографувати когось − To take the picture of smb.
Сукня кремового кольору − A cream colored dress
Найбільший, якщо не по величині, то по значенню − The biggest in quality, if not in size
Прикласти всі зусилля − To make every effort
Черпати натхнення − To draw inspiration
Намалювати картину − To paint a picture
Малювати з натури − To paint from nature
Портрет в натуральну величину − A life-sized portrait
Яскраві, насичені фарби − Bright, rich colours
Тьмяні тони − Dull, faded colours
Учитель малювання − A teacher of drawing
Мистецтвознавець − An art critic
Художник-аматор − An amateur artist
Артистична зовнішність − An artistic person
Портретист − A portrait painter
Пейзажист − A landscape painter
Живописне місце − A picturesque place
Кольорова репродукція − A colour reproduction
Формат картини − The size of a picture
Художня виставка − An art exhibition
Художній смак − An artistic taste
Зображувати сцени із життя простих людей − To picture scenes of ordinary
Підводити, обманювати – You tricked that blockhead out of them
I tricked him with caution.
Я не той, на кого можна кричати – I am not to be shouted at
He is not to be threatened.
Давати волю – Lady (giving way to her temper)
I was listening to him without giving way to my bitter.
Хто ти такий, що дозволяєш собі.. – Who are you that you should presume to speak to me in that coarse way?
Who is he that you should injure your feelings?
Саме в той момент – The moment he takes them, she hurries across to the other side of the room
The moment you revenged them, their spirits sank.
Тобі нічого не варто – It will cost you nothing to give it to me
It cost her a lot of intelligence and sensibility to be a teacher.
Із чистої злості – It has been sent to you out of sheer malice
I said it out of caution.
Чому б не – Then why not send it to her husband?
Why not make the list of his characteristic
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